Scientific Name
Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K.Jansen
Synonyms
Spilanthes calva DC, Spilanthes grandifolia Miq, Spilanthes lobata Blanco, Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC, Spilanthes paniculata Wall. [Invalid], Spilanthes rugosa Blume ex DC. [1]
Vernacular Name
| Malaysia | Subang nenek [2] |
| English | Toothache plant [2] |
| China | San lu cao, xiao tong chui, tian wen cao, bian di hong, huang hua cao, guo hai long [2] |
| India | Akarkara [2] |
| Indonesia | Jotang, jocong, daun getang [2] |
| Thailand | Raan [2] |
| Laos | Kh’aad [2] |
| Philippines | Biri (Igorot); dilag-dilag (lfugao); gatang-gatang (Sulu) [2] |
| Japan | Supirentesu panikurata [2] |
| Nepal | Laato ghaans, maaratii [2]. |
Geographical Distributions
Acmella paniculata can be found in Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. It occurs in fields, wastelands and roadsides. [3]
Botanical Description
A. Paniculata is an annual herb comes from the family of Asteraceae. The stem is branched, erect, 30 cm or more tall and rarely rooting at the nodes of the stem. [3]
The leaves are ovate to ovate-lanceolate in shape, 2.0-4.0 cm x 1.0-2.5 cm, 3-veined, margin entire or crenately serrate, acute apex and cuneate at the base. The petiole is 1-2 cm long. [3]
The capitula of the flower are discoid, solitary, terminal or axillary with a measurement 8.4-12.5 mm x 6.9 – 10 mm. The peduncle is 2.6-16 cm long, rarely pilose, phyllaries 9-12, 2-seriate, ovate-lanceolate in shape approximately 6 mm, herbaceous and glabrous. The receptacle is 5.0-8.0 mm x 1.1 – 3.0 mm, and acuminate apex. The florets count 90-200, tubular corolla, minute, 4- or 5-lobed. [3]
The achenes are obovoid, approximately 3.0 mm with 3-angled shape, scabrid margins, apex slightly depressed. The pappus consists of 2 subequal bristles; the longer one 0.5-1.1 mm and the shorter one 0.4-0.9 mm in dimension. [3]
Cultivation
No documentation
Chemical Constituent
No documentation
Plant Part Used
No documentation
Traditional Use
No documentation
Preclinical Data
No documentation
Clinical Data
No documentation
Poisonous Management
No documentation.
Line Drawing
References
- The Plant List. Ver1.1. Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K.Jansen. [updated 2012 Feb 11; cited 2014 July 23]. c2013. Available from http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-94803
- Philippines medicinal plants. Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K.Jansen. [homepage on the internet]. c2014. [updated 2014; cited 2015 March 13] Available from http://www.stuartxchange.com/Biri.html
- Flora of China. Acmella paniculata [homepage on the internet]. No date [cited 2015 Mar 17]. Available from: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242300592
- Siemonsma JS, Piluck K, editors. Plant resources of South East Asia No 8 Vegetable. Wageningen, Netherlands: Pudoc Scientific Publishers. 1993.
