Scientific Name
Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps
Synonyms
Kleinia quadricolor Crantz, Mekistus sinensis Lour. ex Gomes Mach., Quisqualis ebracteata P.Beauv., Quisqualis glabra Burm.f., Quisqualis grandiflora Miq., Quisqualis indica L., Quisqualis longiflora C.Presl, Quisqualis loureiroi G.Don, Quisqualis madagascariensis Bojer [Invalid], Quisqualis obovata Schumach. & Thonn., Quisqualis pubescens Burm.f., Quisqualis sinensis Lindl., Quisqualis spinosa Blanco, Quisqualis villosa Roxb., Quisqualis indica var. oxypetala Kurz, Quisqualis indica var. villosa C.B.Clarke [1]
Vernacular Name
| Malaysia | Wudani, kuikalis, akar dani [2], akar pontianak, akar suloh, ordanie, selimpas, udani [3] |
| English | Rangoon creeper [2], Chinese honeysuckle [4] |
| China | She jin zi, shih chun tzu, shi jun zi [3] |
| India | Madhabilata, Rangoon-ki-bel, rangun, rangunumalli [3] |
| Indonesia | Wudani, kuikalis, akar dani, ceguk [2], Bidani, cekluk, udani [3] |
| Thailand | Lep mue nang [2], a-doning, cha mang, lep mue naang, macheemang, tha mang, thai-mong [3] |
| Laos | Do kung, khua hung, sa mang |
| Philippines | Babi-babe, balitadham, balitadhan, kasumbal, niog-niogan, niogniogan, niugniugan, niyog-niyogan, pinones, sagasi, sagisi, tagisi, talolong, tangalon, tangolan, tangolon, tartaraok, tartarau, tortoraok [3] |
| Cambodia | Dong preah phnom, vor romiet nhi [3] |
| Vietnam | Cay sau rieng, d[aa]y giun, day giun, lang an, qua nac, qu[ar] giun, s[uwr] qu[aa]n [3] |
| Japan | Indo-shikunshi [3] |
| Nicaragua | Santa Cecilia [3] |
| Panama | Karate del humano [3] |
| Yoruba | Ogan funfun, ogan igbo [3] |
Geographical Distributions
Combretum indicum is native to Southeast Asia [2]. This plant can be found in China, India, Laos and Myanmar. [3]
Botanical Description
C. indicum is a shrub from the Combretaceae family. [1] This scandent, slender and scrambling plant has many branches. [3]
The leaves are massive foliage and woody vine. [3]
The flowers are sweetly aromatic, arching down, and compact terminal spike pubescent. The calyx is a 5-lobed tube. The petals are lanceolate in shape, white to pink color. The ovary is villous 5 angled cylindrical-fusiform. [3]
The fruit is dark dry leathery capsule. [3]
The seed is oily and ripe. [3]
Cultivation
No documentation.
Chemical Constituent
C. indicum is reported to contain 1-desgalloyleugeniin; 1,6-di-O-galloyl-b-D-glucose; 2,3-di-o-galloyl-D-glucose; 2,3-(S)-HHDP-4-O-galloyl-D-glucose; 2,3-(S)-HHDP-6-O-galloyl-D-glucose; 2,3-(S)-HHDPA6-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose; 3,4-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose; 4,6-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose; 5-desgalloylstachyurin; arachidic acid; brevifolin carboxylic acid; castalagin; casuariin;citric acid; ellagic acid; eugeniin; flavogallonic acid; L-asparagine; L-proline; linoleic acid; malic acid; oleic acid; palmitic acid; pelargonidin-3-glucoside; pedunculagin; potassium quisqualate; punicalagin; punicalin; pyvidine; quisqualic acid; quisqualin A; quisqualin B; succinic acid; sucrose; fructose; rutin; stearic acid; trigonelline. [5][6][7]
Plant Part Used
Fruit, seed, leaves [5]
Traditional Use
In traditional Indian medicine, the roasted ripe seed C. indicumwere given to treat diarrhoea and fever; and the macerated seed in oil were applied for parasitic skin disease. The leaves decoction was prescribed to treat abdominal pain. [5]
In traditional Chinese medicine, the C. indicum is used in combination with cortex part of Melia azedarach L. and semen of Areca catechu L. to treat pain in the abdomen due to round worms. It also used with radix of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch., rhizome Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Hordeum vulgare L. and semen of arecae catechu to treat gan accumulation, emaciation with distension in the abdomen, yellow facial complexion and dry hair. [6]
Preclinical Data
Pharmacology
Neuromuscular junction excitant activity
Quisqualic acid is an amino acid obtained from the seeds of C. indicum studies on effects on the neuromuscular junction of crayfish. They found that quisqualic acid could induce desensitization of the receptor to L-glutamic acid. [8]
Cytotoxic activity
In a screening activity for active anticancer compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese material medica, studies reported that 25-O-acetyl-23,24-dihydro-cucurbitacin F from C. indicum showed significant cytotoxic activity. [9]
Toxicity
The minimum lethal dosage of water soluble extract C. indicum for subacuteneous injection in mice is 20 g/kg. The single use of C. indicum decoction in mice with an LD50 in excess 4 g/kg showed extremely low toxicity. [6]
Clinical Data
Clinical findingsNo documentation
PrecautionsC. indicum should be taken in small amount. Large amount intake or with tea can cause hiccups, dizziness, vomiting, pain in the abdomen and diarrhoea. The symptoms will disappear spontaneously after intake of the herb disease. [6][10]An allergic reaction can cause skin rashes with or without itching, painful swelling of ankles and increase body temperature. [10]The C. indicum should be takeon empty stomach for 2-3 days and the stir-fried herbs should be chewed well before swallowing.
Side effectsNo documentation
Pregnancy/Breast FeedingNo documentation
Age limitationNo documentation
Adverse reactionNo documentation
Interaction & DepletionNo documentation
Interaction with drugNo documentation
Interaction with other HerbsNo documentation
ContraindicationsNo documentation
Case ReportNo documentation
Poisonous Management
No documentation
Line Drawing
No documentation.
References
- The Plant List. Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps.Ver 1.1. [homepage on the Internet]. c2013 [updated on 2012 March 23; cited on 2016 Apr 5]. Available from: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2732680
- Warren W. Handy pocket guide to tropical flowers. Hong Kong. Turtle Publishing, 2004. p. 19
- Quattrocchi U. CRC world dictionary of plant names: common names, scientific names, eponyms, synonyms and etymology. Volume IV M-Q. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC; 1999 p. 805.
- Hanelt P, Buttner R. Manfeld’s encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops: (except ornamentals). Germany: Springer Science & Business Media, 2001; p.976.
- Khare CP. Indian medicinal plants: an illustrated dictionary. New York: Springer Science & Business Media, 2008; p. 533.
- Li X. Chinese material medica: combinations and applications. St. Albans, Hertfordshire: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2002; p.309.
- Lin TC, Ma Y T, Wu J, et al. Tannins and related compounds from Quisqualis indica. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society. 1997;44(2):151-155.
- Shinozaki H, Izumi S. A new potent excitant, quisqualic acid: effects on crayfish neuromuscular junction. Neuropharmacology. 1974;13(7):665-672.
- Efferth T, Kahl S, Paulus K, et al. Phytochemistry and pharmacogenomics of natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese materia medica with activity against tumor cells. Molecular cancer therapeutics. 2008;7(1):152-161.
- Hempen, C-H, Fischer T. A material medica for Chinese medicine: plants, minerals and animal products. Munich: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2009; p.868.
