Scientific Name
Mangifera odorata Griffith
Synonyms
Mangifera foetida var. odorata (Griff.) Pierre [1]
Vernacular Name
| Malaysia | Kuini (Malay, East Malaysia); huani, wani (Sabah) [2]; bachang, beto (Semang) [3]; kwini boli, manga wani, wani [4] |
| English | Kuwini [2] |
| Indonesia | Bembem, kaweni (Sundanese, West Java); kuweni, kweni (Malay, Sumatra, Kalimantan; Javanese, central Java) [2]; Kebembem, kwini, kawini, kuwin, kweni (Javanese); Bembem, kaweni (Sundanese); Ambachang, embachang, kuwini (Sumatran) [3]; erobachang [4] |
| Thailand | Kinning (Narathiwat Province); mamuang chingreet, mamuang paa (central) [2] |
| Philippines | Huani, uani (Cebu, Bisaya); juani (Jolo) [2]; kuwini, uani [4] |
| Vietnam | Cay muong, xoai huong [4] |
| French | Kuweni, manguier odorant [2]. |
Geographical Distributions
Mangifera odorata has never been found in the wild. Its exact origin remains unknown. The species possibly represents hybrid forms between M. indica and M. foetida. It is commonly cultivated in Borneo, Sumatra and Java. In Borneo, it is largely confined to the areas near coastal towns or along travel routes, suggesting relatively recent introduction. It is also found in Peninsular Thailand, South Sulawesi and in the Philippines on the south coast of Mindanao, in the Sulu Archipelago and neighbouring islands. It seems to be occasionally cultivated in Southern Vietnam, and on Christmas and Guam Islands. [2]
Botanical Description
M. odorata is a member of the family Anacardiaceae. It is a medium-sized tree, 10-15 m and rarely exceeding 20 m height. The crown is spherical or broadly ovoid. The bole is straight, with grey bark and contains irritant sap. [2]
The leaves are irregularly scattered on rather thick branchlets, oblong-lance-shaped, measuring 12-35 cm x 4-10 cm, coriaceous-chartaceous, with non-wavy edge, shortly acuminate, with prominent reticulated veins especially on the lower surface and not or hardly odorous when bruised. The petiole is 3-7cm and swollen at base. [2]
The panicles are terminal, pyramidal, 15-50 cm long, rather densely flowered and yellowish-green tinged with reddish-brown rachis. The flowers are 5(-6)-merous, about 6 mm wide and fragrant. The sepals are ovate, 3-4 mm long and brown-red or partly green. The petals are lance-shaped, measuring about 5-6 mm x 1.2-2 mm, yellowish at the base, pale pinkish towards the apex, reflexed, with 3-5 fingers (‘ridges’) on 2/3 of the length of the petals, confluent at the base and pale yellow but later turn to dark red. There are 5(-6) stamens, with only 1 fertile while the filament is 5 mm long and staminodes are 1.5-2 mm long. The ovary is nearly spherical, yellowish, with excentric style, 3-5 mm long and dark red. [2]
The fruit is an obliquely ellipsoid-oblong, hardly flattened drupe, measuring 10-13 cm x 6-9 cm, green to yellowish-green and sparingly spotted with dark brown lenticels. The rind is rather thick (3-4 mm). The flesh is orange-yellow, firm, fibrous, sourish-sweet, juicy, with a pungent smell and taste of turpentine while its stone measures 8-10 cm x 4.5-5 cm x 2.5-3 cm and covered with soft fibres. [2]
Cultivation
M. odorata thrives below 1000 m sea-level in tropical areas with a fairly heavy rainfall that is equally distributed throughout the year; although it grows even with a moderate rainfall (1200 mm) provided there are no prolonged dry periods. [2]
Chemical Constituent
No documentation
Plant Part Used
No documentation
Traditional Use
No documentation
Preclinical Data
No documentation
Clinical Data
No documentation
Poisonous Management
No documentation
Line Drawing
References
- The Plant List. Ver 1.1. Mangifera odorata Griffith [homepage on the Internet]. c2013 [updated 2012 March 23; cited 2015 July 6] Available from: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2362639
- Bompard JM. Mangifera odorata Griffith. In: Verheij EWM, Coronel RE, editors. Plant Resources of South-East Asia no 2: Edible fruits and nuts. Wagenigen, Netherlands: Pudoc; 1991. p. 218-220.
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research. Compendium of Medicinal Plants Used in Malaysia: Volume 2. Kuala Lumpur, HMRC IMR: 2002. p. 124.
- Quattrocchi U. CRC world dictionary of medicinal and poisonous plants: Common names, scientific names, eponyms, synonyms and etymology. Volume IV M-Q. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press; 2012. p. 49-50.
