Tongkat Ali

Plant Part Used Roots Active Constituents Eurycomanone, 13,21-dihydroeurycomanone, 12-acetyl-13,21-dihydroeurycomanone, 13beta,21-dihydroeurycomanone, 13(21)-epoxyeurycomanone, 15-acetyl-13alpha (21)-epoxyeurycomanone, 12,15-diacetyl-13alpha(21)-epoxyeurycomanone, eurycomanol, 13beta,18-dihydroeurycomanol, eurycomanol-2-O-beta-D-glucopy-ranoside, eurycomalactone, 6alpha-hydroxyeurycomalactone, 7alpha-hydroxyeurycomalactone, 5,6-dehydroeurycomalactone, eurylactone A and B, eurycolactone A to C, eurycolactone D to F, laurycolactone A and B, longilactone, 6-dehydroxylongilactone, 6-dehydrolongilactone, 11-dehydro-klaineanone, 12-epi-11-dehydroklaineanone, 15beta-hydroxyklaineanone, 6alpha-acetoxy-15beta-hydroxyklaineanone, 14,15beta-dihydroxyklaineanone, 15beta-acetyl-14-hydroxyklaineanone, 6alpha-acetoxy-14,15beta-dihydroxyklaineanone and 6alpha-acetoxy-15beta-hydroxyklaineanone, canthin-6-one, canthin-6-one-3N-oxide, 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one, 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one-3N-oxide, 11-hydroxycanthin-6-one, 9-methoxycanthin-6-one, […]

Biak

Plant Part Used Leaves Active Constituents indoles, mitragynaline, orynantheidaline, mitragynalinic acid, corynantheidalinic, mitragynaline, speciogynine, speciociliatine, paynantheine, 7alpha-hydroxy-7H-mitragynine, isocorynoxeine, and mitralactonine were isolated. In addition, a porphine derivative, phaeophorbide. (-)-9-methoxymitralactonine, 3-dehydromitragynine and (-)-Epicatechin. (1) , (2) , (3) , Introduction M. speciosa Korth is a tree growing to about 50 feet tall with a spread of […]

Gandarussa

Plant Part Used Leaves, twigs, and roots Active Constituents The leaves have beta-sitosterol; lupeol; friedelin; 2-amino-0-methyl-benzyl alcohol; 2-(2’-amino-benzylamino)-0-methyl-benzyl alcohol; 2-amino-benzyl alcohol; 2-(2’-amino-benzylamino)-benzyl alcohol, justicineand high potassium content. The root contains justicine and volatile oil. (1) , (2) , (3) Introduction Gendarussa vulgaris probably originated from China. However, nowadays it grows throughout southeastern Asia and Malaysia. […]

Misai Kucing

Plant Part Used Leaves Active Constituents Beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, caryophyllene-epoxide, eupatorin, sinensetin, scutellarine tetramethyl ethers, salvigenin, 7,3′,4’-tri-O-methylluteolin, 5-hydroxy-6, 7’,3′,4’-tetramethoxyflavone, ladanein, 6-hydroxy-5, 7’,4′-trimethoxyflavone, 2,3-dicoffeoyltartrate, rosmaric acid, 2-caffeoyltartrate, terpenoids. diterpene ester, orthosiphole A to E (diterpene dibenzoyl diacetyl ester of primarane type), neoorthosiphol A and B orthosiphole F to J, staminol A and B, norstaminol A orthochromene A […]

Sambung Nyawa

Plant Part Used Leaves Active Constituents Sterols (beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol), sterol glycosides (3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl beta-sitosterol, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl stigmasterol), nonadecane, phytyl valerate, adenosine, kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl 9-octadecenoate, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, stigmasterol acetate, quercetin, kaempferol-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl(1-6)galactoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl(1 –6)glucoside, 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 1,2-bis-dodecanoyl-3-alpha-O-D-glucopyranosyl-Sn-glycerol. (1) , (2) , (3) , (4) , (5) , (6) Introduction Gynura procumbens (Merr.) Compositae […]

Hempedu Bumi

Plant Part Used Leaves, aerial part of the plant Active Constituents Andrographolide, andrographinin, neoandrographolide, isoandrographolide,14- deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, 14-deoxy-12-methoxyandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-dihydoandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-dihydroandrographiside, andropanoside, 12-epi-14-deoxy-12-methoxyandrographolide, andrographiside, 14-epi-andrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, deoxyandrographiside, 6’-acetylneoandrographolide, bisandrographolide A, bisandrographolide B, bisandrographolide C, bisandrographolide D, 14-deoxy-12-hydroxy- andrographolide, 14-deoxy-15-isopropylidene-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, andrographidin C, andrographidin D, andrographidin E, andrographidin A, andrographidin B, andrographidin F, 5-hydroxy-7,8,2’,3’-tetramethoxyflavone, andrographin, 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy- flavanone and […]

Bunga Lawang

Plant Part Used Fruit Active Constituents Anethole, cinnamaldehyde, 0-methoxycinnamaldehyde, p-methoxy-cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, p- methoxycinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, trans-anethole, beta-caryophyllene, citronellol, estragole, eugenol methyl ether, myrcene, p-methoxy phenylacetone, terpinen-4-ol gamma-terpinene, anisaldehyde, astragalin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-galactoside, kaempferol-3-O- beta –D-rutinoside, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-D-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-D-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-D-xyloside, benzoic acid-4- beta –D-glucoside, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, cineol. Neurotropic sesquiterpenoids, veranisatins A, B […]

Cekur

Plant Part Used Rhizomes, leaves Active Constituents Chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ethyl cinnamate, trans-ethyl cinnamate,ethyl-p- methoxycinnamate, ethyl-p-methoxy-trans-cinnamate, ethyl-p- methoxy-cis-cinnamate, p-methoxycinnamic acid, cinnamic acid ethyl ester, 3-carene-5-one,borneol,camphene, n-pentadecane, 1,8-cineole,limonene, 3-carene, alpha-pinene, camphene, beta-pinene, p-methoxystyrene, camphor, anisic acid, cinnamaldehyde, and quinazoline-4-phenyl-3-oxide. (1) , (2) , (3) , (4) , (5) , (6) , (7) , […]

Lengkuas

Plant Part Used Rhizome Active Constituents A. galanga essential oil A, A. galanga essential oil B, kampheride, alpinin, galangin, methyl cinnamate , cincole,1’-acetoxychavicol acetate, 1’-hydroxychavicol acetate, galantin-3-methyl ether, a-terpineol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, trans-coniferyl diacetate,trans-p-courmaryl diacetate, a-bergamotene, b-bisabolene, borneol, borneol acetate, butanol acetate, campene, carveol I, carveol II, chavicol acetate, citronellol acetate, a-copaene, curcumene, p-cymene, p-cymenol, eugenol methyl […]

Senduduk

Plant Part Used Leaves, shoots, roots (1) Active Constituents tannins, flavonoids (2) , (3) Introduction M. malabathricum can be found in northern parts of Peninsular Malaysia although in the more southern regions, M. polyanthum is the dominant species. However, the locals regard both to be the same plant. (4) There can be many variations to […]